UDK 63 Сельское хозяйство. Лесное хозяйство. Охота. Рыбное хозяйство
GRNTI 68.31 Сельскохозяйственная мелиорация
OKSO 110000 СЕЛЬСКОЕ И РЫБНОЕ ХОЗЯЙСТВО
BBK 40 Естественнонаучные и технические основы сельского хозяйства
TBK 5607 Сельскохозяйственная мелиорация
BISAC TEC003000 Agriculture / General
Global climatic changes, technogenic pollution by pollutants, violations of technologies of exploitation of reclaimed land lead to a decrease in fertility and soil degradation of agricultural land. Adverse weather conditions, resulting in a lack of adequate flood water, and economic difficulties in agriculture make it difficult to fill the deficit of organic matter and macronutrients in reclaimed alluvial soils. The monitoring of agrochemical properties of alluvial meadow medium-loamy soil of the stationary site (reclaimed lands of JSC «Moskovskoye» of Ryazan region), located in the floodplain of the Oka river, conducted by the Meshchersky branch of Vniigim, showed the presence and intensification of degradation changes in the soil. Thus, comparing the agrochemical indicators in the layer 0–20 cm, carried out in 1995, with the indicators of 2019, it should be noted a decrease in soil fertility. The decrease in soil quality was expressed in a decrease in the amount of mobile phosphorus by 37.6 %, mobile potassium by 53.3 %. Also, during this time there was a decrease in organic matter by 9.1 %, and an increase in soil acidity was 0.6 pH. As a result of such changes, soils lose ecological stability and become more vulnerable to adverse weather and negative anthropogenic impacts. In such a situation, advanced agricultural techniques should be actively used to obtain guaranteed, environmentally safe crop yields and restore the fertility of degraded reclaimed soils. In this regard, there is a need to develop innovative methods of fertility restoration of degraded alluvial soils in reclaimed lands using multi-component organic-mineral ameliorants. Meshchersky branch performs research work in addressing this issue.
alluvial soils, degradation, fertility, pollutant, sediments, fertilizing meliorant
1. Adaptivno-landshaftnaya sistema zemledeliya Ryazanskoy oblasti - Model' XXI stoletiya / Pod red. S.Ya. Polyanskogo. Ryazan': Ryazanskiy NIPTI APK, 2000. 184 s.
2. Atlas pochv Ryazanskoy oblasti / I.Yu. Davydova, Yu.A. Mazhayskiy, E.A. Davydov [i dr.] / Pod red. I.Yu. Davydovoy. Ryazan'. 2006. 64 s.
3. Problemy i puti povysheniya roli meliorativnyh sistem Ryazanskoy oblasti / P.N. Vanyushin, A.V. Kuzin, T.N. Sysoeva [i dr.] // Melioraciya i vodnoe hozyaystvo. 2018. № 5. S. 6-12.
4. Dancheev D.V., Il'inskiy A.V. K probleme ispol'zovaniya organicheskih othodov urbanizirovannyh territoriy pri reshenii voprosov racional'nogo prirodopol'zovaniya // Ekologicheskie aspekty melioracii, gidrotehniki i vodnogo hozyaystva APK: materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferencii. M.: VNIIGiM, 2017. S. 184-187.
5. Evtyuhin V.F. Ekologicheskaya ocenka zagryazneniya agrolandshafta Ryazanskoy oblasti tyazhelymi metallami: dis. … kand. s.-h. nauk. Nemchinovka, 1998. 144 s.
6. Udobritel'nyy meliorant i podpochvennoe uvlazhnenie kak faktory povysheniya urozhaynosti odnoletnih trav / N.A. Ivannikova, K.N. Evsenkin, S.V. Peregudov [i dr.] // Melioraciya i vodnoe hozyaystvo. 2015. № 4. S. 2-5.
7. Kireycheva L.V., Il'inskiy A.V., Yashin V.M. K voprosu fitoremediacii pochv, zagryaznennyh kompleksom tyazhelyh metallov // Melioraciya i vodnoe hozyaystvo. 2016. № 4. S. 8-13.
8. Kolomiycev N.V., Korzhenevskiy B.I., Il'ina T.A. Zagryaznenie tyazhelymi metallami i mysh'yakom donnyh otlozheniy Ivan'kovskogo vodohranilischa // Voda: himiya i ekologiya. 2017. № 2. S. 20-28.
9. Mazhayskiy Yu.A. Obosnovanie rezhimov kompleksnyh melioraciy v usloviyah tehnogennogo zagryazneniya agrolandshafta: dis.… d-ra s.-h. nauk. M., 2002. 456 s.
10. Men'shikova S.A. Ekologicheskaya effektivnost' primeneniya udobreniy-meliorantov pri kompleksnom regulirovanii faktorov zhizni rasteniy // Ekologicheskoe sostoyanie prirodnoy sredy i nauchno-prakticheskie aspekty sovremennyh agrotehnologiy: materialy III Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. (Ryazan', FGBOU VO RGATU, 18 aprelya 2019 g.). Ryazan': IP Zhukov V.Yu., 2019. S. 264-270.
11. Ocenka tehnogennoy nagruzki na rechnye ekosistemy v basseyne r. Oki po rezul'tatam issledovaniya donnyh otlozheniy / V.E. Raynin, N.V. Kolomiycev, A.O. Scherbakov [i dr.] // Melioraciya i vodnoe hozyaystvo. 2014. № 2. S. 14-16.
12. Ekologo-agrohimicheskie svoystva i effektivnost' vermi- i biokompostov / V.G. Sychev, G.E. Merzlaya, G.V. Petrova [i dr.]. M.: VNIIA, 2007. 276 s.
13. Tehnogennoe zagryaznenie rechnyh ekosistem / V.N. Novosel'cev, I.B. Besfamil'nyy, B.M. Kizyaev [i dr.]. M.: Nauchnyy mir, 2002. 140 s.
14. Osobennosti transformacii osushennyh torfyano-podzolisto-gleevyh pochv pri dlitel'nom sel'skohozyaystvennom ispol'zovanii / V.A. Shevchenko, A.V. Nefedov, A.V. Il'inskiy [i dr.] // Vestnik rossiyskoy sel'skohozyaystvennoy nauki. 2018. № 3. S. 25-28.
