UDK 63 Сельское хозяйство. Лесное хозяйство. Охота. Рыбное хозяйство
GRNTI 68.31 Сельскохозяйственная мелиорация
OKSO 110000 СЕЛЬСКОЕ И РЫБНОЕ ХОЗЯЙСТВО
BBK 40 Естественнонаучные и технические основы сельского хозяйства
TBK 5607 Сельскохозяйственная мелиорация
BISAC TEC003000 Agriculture / General
The paper presents experimental data on the measurement of the electrokinetic potential of various soils by electrophoresis and flow potential taking into account the surface conductivity. The convergence of the results for the two methods is 10–12 %. The electrokinetic potential for zonal soils is 2.5–3 times lower than in solonets. Zeta potential of 20–24 mV is characteristic of chernozem, and this provides black soil with good agronomic properties. It is shown that below 20 mV for gray forest, sodpodzolic and podzolic soils, the colloids are in an unstable state, easily destroyed by acid hydrolysis, do not create a good soil structure. Above 24 mV, the soil colloids become stable sols, which determines the high dispersion of the soil, the poorмstructurality of the soil aggregates, and low water permeability. It is proposed to use the value of the ξ-potential in determining the degree of solonetsousness of saline soils, selection of ameliorants doses, to assess diagnostic indicators of the state of soil colloids. The best dose improver is the dose that can be calculated from the coagulation threshold of soil particles and with the most developed electric double layer, which is characterized by the maximum value of the ξ-potential of solonets suspensions. Dosing ameliorants should be carried out at a certain soil / water ratio: for multi-sodium solonets – 1/50; for low-sodium 1/30.
soil, soil colloids, electrokinetic potential, chemical meliorants.
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